Understanding XSS Attacks

XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attacks involve injecting malicious scripts into benign websites to execute in a user’s browser. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities in web applications to manipulate user interactions and data.

Key Points

• XSS attacks inject malicious scripts into websites.
• These attacks exploit vulnerabilities to manipulate user interactions.
• There are three main types of XSS attacks: Reflected, Stored, and DOM-Based.

Types of XSS Attacks

Reflected XSS

• Occurs when a malicious script is reflected off a web server, such as in a search query.
• Example: An attacker embeds a script in a search term, which is then displayed on the results page.

Stored XSS

• Occurs when a malicious script is stored on the target server, such as in a database.
• Example: An attacker inserts a script in a product review, which is then displayed to other users.

DOM-Based XSS

• Exploits vulnerabilities within the Document Object Model (DOM) to manipulate page elements.
• Does not require the script to be reflected or stored on the server.

Causes of XSS Vulnerabilities

• Insufficient input validation and sanitization
• Lack of output encoding
• Improper use of security headers
• Framework and language vulnerabilities
• Third-party libraries

Implications of XSS

• Session hijacking
• Phishing and credential theft
• Social engineering
• Content manipulation and defacement
• Data exfiltration
• Malware installation

Exploitation Example

For a detailed example of XSS exploitation, refer to this article.